Athar al-rafedain Journal (AARJ) is a trusted scientific journal that examines the monuments of Iraq and the ancient Near East, as well as ancient languages with their dialects and comparative studies, as well as cuneiform writings and ancient fonts, and it is also concerned with ancient history and ancient civilizations, this journal is issued twice a year by the College of Archaeology, University of Mosul, Mosul - Iraq since 2012.  It is an open access journal published under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). It also uses the double-blind evaluating review system to ensure the quality of publications. Athar al-rafedain journal publishes  original researches and reviewing researches, and the analysis of cuneiform texts and reports of archaeological excavations, it is one of the Iraqi journals that are known internationally, regionally and locally. 
 
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Athar al-rafedain Journal (AARJ) is an open access journal, which means that all articles are available on the internet to all users immediately upon publication, without requiring a subscription to the journal. Thus, all papers published in AARJ are distributed under the open access license agreement. Under this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their work, but allow anyone to download, re-use, re-print, modify, distribute or copy the content as long as the original authors and source are cited properly.
 
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The fees for publishing a research in Athar Al-Rafedain journal are (115,000) One Hundred and Fifteen Thousand Iraqi dinars IQD. Athar al-rafedain journal does not receive any financial support from governmental or non-governmental organizations, and it depends on self-funding.

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All submitted manuscripts are checked for similarity through trustworthy named Turnitin to be assured about their orginality.

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The Athar Al-rafedain  Journal (AARJ) is proud to be a signatory to the United Nations SDG Publishers Compact, reaffirming its dedication to advancing the principles of sustainable development through academic publishing. As part of this global initiative, the journal actively supports and promotes the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDG):

  1. Quality Education (SDG 4)

AARJ is firmly committed to enhancing the quality of education by publishing high-standard, peer-reviewed academic research in the fields of archaeology, history, and heritage studies. The journal aims to provide a reliable scholarly platform that enriches the knowledge and skills of both researchers and professionals.

  1. Gender Equality (SDG 5)

The journal upholds the principles of equality and inclusion by maintaining a publishing policy that evaluates all submissions solely on the basis of scientific merit, regardless of gender, nationality, or background of the author.

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Through its sustainable publishing operations, AARJ contributes to promoting decent work and economic growth. The journal’s economic model—based on fair publication revenues—supports the continuity of academic activities and the broader goals of sustainable development.

  1. Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11)

AARJ encourages research that explores the relationship between heritage, archaeology, and modern society, particularly studies that highlight the preservation of cultural identity and the promotion of environmentally healthy communities.

  1. Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17)

The journal seeks to foster collaboration among scholars, universities, and research institutions worldwide. By building partnerships in the fields of archaeology and cultural heritage, AARJ aligns with Goal 17 of the SDGs, promoting cooperation as a foundation for sustainable progress.

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10 Issue 2

Volume 10 Issue 2

Published: 01-06-2025

Contents


Article
Research Paper
Manda Forces "ummān Manda" in Cuneiform Sources

Farouk Ismail

Ummn-Manda is a name that means Mandas forces in Akkadian Language. It was mentioned in cuneiform written sources since the beginning of the second millennium BC, and it indicated a group of people...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37632

Pages: 5-24
Nadwat ALulama in India, its Origin and Scientific Achievements

Ali raad fathi, yasir almashhadani

India has become, with the presence of Muslims in it (since the conquest until the end of the era of the Islamic Sultanate), an important center of civilizational polarization. And that all of this...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37628

Pages: 25-44
The utterances of devastations Akkadian-A Semantic Study

Mohammed Muhareb Ali Al-Jubouri, Herez abdulnasser ali

The research provides a detailed analysis of the Akkadian language in describing destruction, highlighting how Akkadian words offer comprehensive and varied meanings related to ruin. It emphasizes...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37630

Pages: 45-66
Unpublished cuneiform texts from the archive of the Sumerian merchant ‎Eṣidum

Ari Khaleel Kamil

Among the cuneiform texts currently preserved in the Sulaymaniyah Museum, which has been obtained through purchase and confiscation, there are more than 97 Cuneiform tablets dating back to the...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37633

Pages: 67-90
The Biological and Climatic Factors and their Impact at Harim Castle, Northwest Syria

Anas Ahmad Haj Ziedan, Ibrahim Waleed Hassani

This research aims to study the factors affecting building stones (limestone) in Harim Castle in northwest Syria, which threaten to erode the archaeological features of the castle due to neglect...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37638

Pages: 91-114
Methods of Explaining the Meaning in Syriac Dictionaries

mark watheq kokrees, Ammar Abdul-Razaq Alzuhairy

Dictionaries have been of great importance in human life since ancient times, as they are considered a means of preserving the language and protecting it from loss. In addition, they are considered...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37627

Pages: 115-128
The Two Cities of Muza and Qena and their Importance in the Ancient History of Yemen

Mohammed Ali Saeed

The cities of Muza and Qana played a significant role in the history of ancient Yemen due to their distinguished locations in the west and east. Their importance increased with the presence of a...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37631

Pages: 129-150
Unpublished Cuneiform Texts from the City of Sippar_ Season 24

یاسر جابر خلیل

Abstract: The present research is a study of six cuneiform texts with economic connotations dating back to the Late Old Babylonian period. These texts have been discovered at Tell Abu Habba, the...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37636

Pages: 171-192
THE Excavations at Nimrud (Kalḫu), 2022–2023

Maikel Danti Danti, John D. A. MacGinnis, William B. Hafford

This article presents the results of the fieldwork carried out in 2022 and 2023 at the site of Nimrud, ancient Kalhu, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania's Nimrud Project, a part...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37634

Pages: 193-220
Noun Pronouns in Sumerian language – "Curse of Agade" as a case study

Othman Ghanim Mohammed, muayad sulaiman

Abstract: The Sumerian text" The Curse of Agade " is one of the important literary historical texts that received the attention of scribes in the Old Babylonian era since the beginning of the...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37629

Pages: 221-232
Exploring Unpublished Cylinder Seals Preserved in the Iraqi Museum from the Third Millennium BCE

Abbas Taha Alhadrawi

IntroductionCylinder seals are among the most important artifacts for studying the art of Mesopotamian civilization. They offer researchers and specialists a clear understanding of their themes,...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37639

Pages: 233-249
Review Paper
Political Implications the book Al-Halal –Al- Mawshiyya in mentioning the Marrakesh news by Abu Al- Qasim Muammad bin Samak Al-Amili

Enas Idris Danoon Khattab

.AbstractThis research attempts to shed light on the most important political contents of the book Halal Al-Moshe in mentioning the Marrakesh news, which is considered one of the valuable books of...

DOI: 10.33899/aarj.v10i2.37635

Pages: 151-170